The os trigonum is an accessory, or extra bone, that sometimes develops behind the ankle. It does not always cause symptoms, but when it causes pain, due to irritation and inflammation, a doctor will refer to this discomfort as os trigonum syndrome.
For patients with end-stage ankle osteoarthritis, total ankle replacement (TAR) and ankle fusion (AF) have similar clinical scores and harms, according to a study published online Nov. 15 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
Toe pain has several causes, from injuries to chronic health conditions and joint deformities. Most causes of toe pain are not serious and can be managed with conservative treatment. However, pain can significantly affect your ability to bear weight through your toes which can limit your ability to comfortably stand and walk.
Sinus tarsi syndrome refers to pain and swelling on the outside of the foot, just below the ankle joint. Noninvasive treatment methods can often help improve symptoms and allow a full recovery. However, in some cases, surgery may be necessary to resolve symptoms.
